Long Term Goals free essay sample

Philosophy - Duties to Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reasoning - Duties to Others - Essay Example There keeps on being a harsh unclearness with regards to the material desires and achievement rather than the functional responsibility of people to be participative in the more excellent plan of things. On a worldwide setting and in the borderlessness we are truly or not living in, the topic of the job of the individuals and of the administration presents various questions that should fuse and answer their jobs and effect. The loaning hand that increasingly prosperous countries are stretching out resolved to be sufficient to help different nations in critical need. Simultaneously, how are people ordered and assessed for their capacity in the lightening of yearning that murders numerous individuals consistently. Subside Singer contends that a great many people consider it to be the government’s job to offer guide to poor people and that their moral obligation to do as such or to act straightforwardly toward its answer is auxiliary. Individuals are commonly limited by their own advantages and that prompts the basic truth that lone a couple would participate in something that ought to be done in any case on the off chance that it obstructs it. Despite this, they ought not be puz zled into doing what are intrinsic and clear as seen to be fundamental advances which in reality never or very only from time to time happens (237). John Arthur’s rule for the more noteworthy good fiendishness rule is very straightforward: â€Å"If it is in our influence to keep something awful from occurring, without accordingly giving up anything of similar significance, we should, ethically, to do it.† The best point that Arthur proposes is the extensive division of riches that is important to execute these goals. Carrying moral fairness into the image, both wretchedness and ecstasy ought to be considered in the basic objectivity of the standard. It likewise brings into question the who of the circumstance. It ought not subvert the

Using Viadeo for Business Purposes

Using Viadeo for Business Purposes If you are looking to conduct business in a foreign country, your plan will need to cover finding talent, advertising your services, researching your market and developing partnerships, among other key strategic elements.Given that as of August 2014, the number of global social media users surpassed 2 billion, social media marketing can play a key role in turning these challenges into opportunities. And depending on your target market and needs, Viadeo, a professional networking website headquartered in Paris and launched in May of 2004, just might be your solution. © Shutterstock.com | Gil CIn this article, we will explore 1) the history of Viadeo, 2) the purpose of Viadeo, 3) the benefits of Viadeo, 4) setting up a Viadeo account, 5) using Viadeo for business purposes, 6) Viadeo key terms, 7) best practices for using Viadeo, 8) Competitors, and 9) a case study of Viadeo usage. This will help you determine if Viadeo is a fit for your business needs.HISTORY OF VIADEOViadeo was founded by Dan Serfaty and Thierry Lunati, two then-recent college grads, as Viaduc. Serfaty, a serial entrepreneur, who had already run, founded, or co-founded three successful firms before 2004, and Lunati, took the membership base from a previously founded business â€" Aggregator, an online private equity community, and built Viadeo. Becoming profitable in 2006, through recruiting services, advertising, and premium memberships, Viadeo has grown by acquiring other social networking services. In 2007, it acquired Tianji.com, a professional social network based in China. In July 2008, it acquired ICTnet, a Spanish professional social network. In early 2009, it acquired an Indian social networking site known as ApnaCircle. And in 2009, Viadeo acquired a unyk.com, a Canadian contact management firm. In 2013, Viadeo acquired French startup Pealk to refine SMB targeting. This has allowed them to increase their user base in a number of international markets (making them to be second only to LinkedIn in terms of total membership in the professional social network site marketspace), and enhance the features they offer users. In July of 2014, the firm went public and currently enjoys significant membership in Russia, China, and France. Its Chinese site Tianji.com is number one most trafficked professional social network in China, and Viadeo itself is the market leader in France. PURPOSE OF VIADEOViadeo was designed to provide individuals with contact management services, professional networking opportunities and job-seeking tools, and employers with engagem ent, networking, and engagement opportunities. Unlike LinkedIn, Viadeo’s membership is more heavily concentrated in middle managers than senior executives; Mr. Serfaty stated in a 2009 interview with The Economist that this yields more engagement as senior executives are less likely to engage with middle managers. The site also uses a glocal approach: by signing up large numbers of users in particular markets and catering to local tastes, Viadeo hopes to increase user engagement further than other networks. That seems to be paying off to some extent as roughly 10% of members pay for the service, compared to 15 of LinkedIn users.As Mr. Serfaty said in a 2011 interview with Business Insider:“Were the number two professional social network worldwide, with 35 million members. What sets us apart is that we want to be the leader in a small number of local markets. So were most active in France, Italy, Spain and emerging countries. We are a multi-platform, multi-product, multi-features and mulit-brand company. Were called Tianji in China, Apna Circle in India, Unyk in Brazil and Viadeo in Europe. That sets us apart from LinkedIn, which has a very global approach. When they go into a market, they play up the fact that theyre international and start with the top of the pyramid. We aim for the core of the market, the middle of the pyramid. So its a very different go-to-market strategy.”BENEFITS OF VIADEOFor individual users, Viadeo offers profile pages, content-sharing tools, professional interest groups (known on Viadeo as communities), and professional recommendation solicitation and display capabilities. Viadeo’s benefits for businesses, particularly those with premium accounts, are numerous and include:Targeted advertising opportunities in multiple local markets across the world: Viadeo has a robust advertising program and exposure to many markets, in addition to Russia, China, and France, including Canada, Madagascar, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Tunisia, Algeri a, Belgium, Switzerland, Cote D’Ivoire, Morocco, and Brazil. Premium account holders have access to a wealth of information about Viadeo users in all of these markets.Engagement opportunities with international users in linguistically and culturally appropriate ways: Viadeo allows users to create profiles in different languages depending on the market(s) in which they either live or are targeting. Further, Viadeo’s acquisition of existing local social networks has allowed it to provide culturally appropriate features. For example, many Indian employers pay attention to horoscopes when hiring. Viadeo’s Indian site has a widget allowing users to consult horoscopes. Another example can be found in the SMS feature Viadeo offers; Indian members commonly begin the recruitment process with phone interviews.Substantial recruitment opportunities for brands and businesses across the world: a revenue driver, Viadeo’s recruitment platform can be of great use in finding talent across the globe.Increasing their business opportunities: by providing networking opportunities, and increasing online visibility through profile features that allow brands to share expertise, product/service lines, and testimonials.SETTING UP A VIADEO ACCOUNTJoining Viadeo is a straightforward process. Visit www.viadeo.com and sign up by allowing Viadeo to access either your Twitter, Facebook or Google+ account, and populate your profile with information from whichever of those accounts you select. Or you can sign up with your email address, by filling out the fields to the left: First Name, Last Name, Email address and Password. You will be prompted to create a password and following sign up, have access to the site. It is important to note that signing up for a Viadeo account gives you access to apnaCircle, but not Tianji. You must sign up separately at www.tianji.com to access Viadeo’s Chinese members.Setting up a business account takes a few more steps. Unlike LinkedIn, Viadeo’s Comp any Pages cost money and are set up by Viadeo staff. Their features include an overview, a careers page, a discussion forum, customization possibilities, followers, and a back-end dashboard. Company Pages are key to creating a branded presence on Viadeo, and should be regularly updated.USING VIADEO FOR BUSINESSAs a professional social networking website, Viadeo offers considerable opportunities for business, including targeted marketing, advertising, and B2B marketing. It can also be used to enhance your visibility online, as well as for recruiting.RecruitingRecruiters can use easily Viadeo to identify and recruit talent. As with recruiters everywhere these days, the majority of European recruiters comb through social media to research potential candidates during their searches. The talent pool on Viadeo provides recruiters a perfect place to start.Further Viadeo provides recruiters with a variety of premium tools to assist in their efforts through its platform Viadeo Recruiter. The Job Offers page allows recruiters to easily post jobs, target up to 50 users to contact, have a partitioned inbox for recruiting, and share recruiting tasks across team members. The Talent Search page offers project management tools and enhanced search features, allowing recruiters to have full access to the Viadeo database, and organize potential candidates through tags. Further, the Talent Bank allows recruiters to created targeted job ads; when candidates respond, they are automatically ranked according to the recruiters criteria to screen out those who do not fit the bill. Viadeo also mines its database to find candidates who meet the Targted job ad criteria automatically.As ApnaCircle is integrated with Viadeo, you can target the Indian market from Viadeo’s job tools. Tianji offers similar functionality with a Tianji account. Targeted marketingViadeo’s glocal approach affords its users the opportunity to target professionals and businesses in a number of different markets. Apnacircle and Tianji are prime examples, as is unyk, which had 50 million members, mostly from Canada, at the time of its acquisition. The site also captures considerable geodemographic information from its users, which it provides premium users of its recruitment and marketing services. And it is currently available in the following languages: English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, and Chinese, allowing you to market to individuals, jobseekers or firms in their primary language. © Wikimedia commons | Vieuxloup (2010)Extending reach and visibility through content marketingLike many social networks, Viadeo offers content-sharing tools in the form of status updates, questions, blogs, and professional interest Groups. Actively sharing compelling and relevant content here will enhance your visibility on the site and help increase the number of users following your firm.AdvertisingViadeo offers firms the opportunity to offer native advertising on its mobile apps and both native and digital advertising on its website. Native advertising offered by Viadeo includes sponsored articles and job offers, suggested companies to follow, companies, hiring, and suggested apps. Coupled with its database of geodemographic information and its ability to offer the ads in the language of the targeted consumer, Viadeo offers advertisers strong opportunities to target its more than 60 million members.B2B marketingViadeo’s groups offer a great opportunity for a firm’s profession als to network around industry or other topics. Blogs on industry-related topics can help increase your standing in the industry and open your firm up to networking and marketing opportunities in the B2B space. Targeted advertising and premium search offer other opportunities for lead generation and conversion. And because of Viadeo’s glocal approach, firms in a narrow market space can effectively use a variety of niche marketing strategies on the site, depending on the product/brand.VIADEO KEY TERMSKey terms to understanding Viadeo are:Groups: professional interest groups for Viadeo users that allow like-minded users to interact, share content and otherwise engage with each other;Profile: a page where an individual user can upload content from their CV and other professional and personal details; andTags: keywords or phrases you can append to your contacts for organizational purposes.BEST PRACTICES FOR USING VIADEOIn general, some of the best practices for using any professional networking site are recommended for Viadeo. If you maintain a presence on LinkedIn or any other professional social networking site, these should appear familiar:Fill out your profile fully and keep it up-to-date. Inform existing and potential customers about what’s new at your firm. Humanize your brand by adding photo and video content. Increase your credibility by having key staff members publish whitepapers, blog posts, and comments on the platform.Engage followers with questions and opportunities for online and offline activity, not just press releases. Go beyond canned responds and respond personally where feasible. Follow your customers and commenters back. This will help you grow your follower base, generate sales leads, and increase your visibility.Target influencers and market leaders in your industry. Engaging these key figures can lead to increased visibility on Viadeo, and even partnership opportunities.Ensure your messaging is clear and concise. You’re competing wit h other brands, big and small to engage with Viadeo’s users. It’s critical to make sure every word drives your target users to complete the tasks you prescribe, whether visiting your Viadeo company Page, your own corporate website, or applying for a job opportunity you have available. Avoid sharing too frequently, particularly in markets where the preference is to avoid mass marketing.In some cases, increasing visibility is a sprint, but maintaining it is a marathon. Develop a plan, composed of content marketing, marketing campaigns, and other tactics to engage Viadeo users over the long-term.However, there are some best practices to Viadeo, namely:Fully assess your current and potential markets (ideally before you sign up for Viadeo). Monitor social media channels to see who is talking about you where, which, depending on the results, could radically approach your content and messaging strategy on Viadeo;Customize your content to fit local markets. Viadeo’s user base is more diverse in scope than LinkedIn’s user base, as the majority of the latter’s users are U.S.-based. Keep in mind cultural relevant conventions when posting content, especially in Groups; andCreate Company Pages in different languages to attract diverse talent and showcase your firm’s diversity.COMPETITORSViadeo’s two largest competitors are LinkedIn and Xing. Whereas LinkedIn is based in the US, (with a strong presence in the UK, India, Australia and New Zealand) and targets both senior executives, as well as middle managers, XING is based in Germany and has a strong profile in countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Turkey and Italy. XING counts a user base of 13 million and operates in 17 different languages in over 200 countries. Its presence The features for all three networks are similar with layout, design, and geo-demography of users being the biggest differences between the three; further XING, like Viadeo, also has special features designed to appeal to its p rimary demographics.Which should your firm choose? It depends on your targeted area and strategic business goals. While LinkedIn may be the biggest in terms of membership, its membership base (both individual and business) in countries like China is fairly poor in comparison to LinkedIn. XING also employs a glocal approach and has grown through acquiring locally-based social networks. If you are a business looking to recruit or do business in countries covered by multiple professional social networks, it may well benefit you to establish a presence on applicable sites. And even if you don’t plan on doing business in a country covered by Viadeo, a presence on the site could expose you to new opportunities you hadn’t thought possible.CASE STUDYMany firms have successfully used Viadeo to recruit top talent. Vulcain Ingenerie, an energy and and environmental engineering consultancy firm, considers it an essential part of their recruitment process, making over 200 hires a year aided by the website’s recruiting platform. In one talent search for a nuclear safety case manager, Vulcan’s recruiters reached out to 30 Viadeo members qualified for the position to gauge interest. After receiving six replies, resulting in two interviews, they were able to successfully fill the position. On average Vulcan’s recruiters reach out to 400 Viadeo members per year to fill positions; they also make use of a customized Company Page to enhance their profile on the site and share their openings with viadeo users.

Essay on A Hoax in Court The Trial of Socrates - 1547 Words

Albert Einstein quoted, â€Å"In matters of truth and justice, there is no difference between large and small problems, for issues concerning the treatment of people are all the same† (Brainy Quote). Were justice and truth a part of Socrates’ trial? The primary question is: what is justice? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, the definition of justice is: â€Å"the administration of law, especially the establishment or determination of rights according to the rules of law or equity.† Meletus brought an elder man to court for corrupting the youth and for refusing to believe in the gods of the city. 501 Athenian male residents observed as the jury to magistrate and center their decisions off Meletus’s accusations and Socrates’ defense to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Councillors, also. But, Meletus, what about the assembly? Do members of the assembly corrupt the young, or do they all improve them? – They improve them. All the Athenians, it seems, make the young into fine good men, except me, and I alone corrupt them† (Apology 28). It should take the child’s peers, friends, and parents, as well as their teachers to transform their impression of a certain issue or idea of the gods. Young children are first introduced to religion by their parents, and next begin school transferring the greater influence to the teachers and friends of the student. No one person can essentially â€Å"corrupt† the youth, but instead, there must be supplementary sources at fault. Likewise, how can one elder man harm adolescents for several years, and just now endure conviction a few years before his own death? Generally, when a person commits a crime, the prosecutor representing society would bring the charge against the defendant immediately following the offense. Socrates had been preaching his knowledge and insight of the gods for many years at this point. Later in his defense Socrates states, â€Å"If I corrupt some young men and have corrupted others, then surely some of them who have grown older and realized that I gave them bad advice when they were young should now themselves come up here to accuse me and avenge themselves† (Apology 36). However, at this moment inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Socrates2048 Words   |  9 Pages SOCRATES THE PHILOSOPHER Socrates is a noteworthy and important historical figure as a philosopher, because of his and his pupils’ influence on the development of the philosophical world. His teachings, famous arguments, and ideas began the outgrowth of all later western philosophies. Born in 469 BC just outside of Athens, Socrates was brought up properly, and thoroughly educated. He was raised as most Athenians; developing both physical and mental strengths. Socrates then went on to learn fromRead MorePhilosophy and Socrates Essay2070 Words   |  9 PagesUrealysuk9@aol.com SOCRATES THE PHILOSOPHER Socrates is a noteworthy and important historical figure as a philosopher, because of his and his pupils influence on the development of the philosophical world. His teachings, famous arguments, and ideas began the outgrowth of all later western philosophies. Born in 469 BC just outside of Athens, Socrates was brought up properly, and thoroughly educated. He was raised as most Athenians; developing both physical and mental strengths. Socrates then went on to

ADHD and Its Treatments Essay examples - 1852 Words

The purpose of this research was to describe and understand Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most effective treatment options that are available today. ADHD is a mental health disorder that affects 3-9% of the population in ways that, if left untreated, can wreak havoc on the mind of the sufferer. It makes concentration difficult, large tasks seem insurmountable, and causes impulsive and hyperactive tendencies. Fortunately, research and experiments have led to new and effective treatments to help those who suffer from this disorder (Dupaul 8). This research examined journal articles and internet sources on the topic to help unlock the complexities of the disorder through scientific research. It also was a way to†¦show more content†¦It was once thought that brain injury was the primary culprit for the disorder, but this theory has since been disproved by studies that illustrate only an insignificant number of ADHD sufferers have had brain trauma. Atten tion disorders often run in families, so there are likely to be genetic influences. Studies indicate that 25 percent of the close relatives in the families of ADHD children also have ADHD, whereas the rate is about 5 percent in the general population. Recent studies have also focused their attention on the part of the cerebrum known as the frontal lobes. This is the part of the brain responsible for solving problems, planning, understanding the behavior of others, and restraining our impulses. In 2002, Researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Child Psychiatry Branch studied 139 children over a 10 year span and found, through MRI and other brain testing technologies, that the children had 3-4% smaller brain volumes than those of normal, healthy children. Although MRI brain scans show promise as a diagnostic tool, scientists stress they cannot be used effectively for that purpose (Surgeon Gen 5-8). Psychologists and Psychiatrists have recognized several different types of ADHD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), a tool commonly used by professionals to diagnose mental disorders, illustrates three patterns of behavior to note whenShow MoreRelatedThe Multimodal Treatment Of Adhd794 Words   |  4 Pagesa clinician can begin to develop an individualized treatment plan to target the child’s specific symptomology. Behavioral modifications are considered to be a first line of treatment for young children with ADHD. When parenting techniques are proven to be ineffective or the symptoms are too severe to be corrected with behavioral modifications alone, pharmacological interventions may take precedence (Connor, 2002). Contrarily, multimodal treatment packages have been a main focus for the last decadeRead MoreEssay On ADHD Treatment1682 Words   |  7 PagesKent Kade Parry English 1010 November 15, 2017 ADHD Treatment: Conventional or Differential Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known and much debated neurological disorder. ADHD is the reoccurring pattern of inattention where a child wanders off task and has difficulty sustaining focus. Other signs of ADHD include hyperactivity-impulsivity where a child seems to move about constantly, and excessively fidget, tap, or talk. ADHD may also cause the child to make hasty actionsRead MoreDiagnosis And Treatment Of Adhd877 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping concern in regard to the prevalence of ADHD is that there is a growing shifts in the onset span and in the population currently diagnosed with ADHD. A clinical practice guideline published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) reported the expansion of the age range in regard to diagnosis and treatment of ADHD from 6 through 12 years of age to 4 through 18 years of age. More recent studies substantiated that a majority of ADHD cases persists well into adulthood in spite of theRead MoreThe Best Trea tment For Children With Adhd1191 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What is the best treatment for children with ADHD? It is a question that concerns both researchers and practitioners alike. Although research supports the effectiveness of stimulants (Van der Oord, Prins, Oosterlaan, Emmelkamp, 2008) there are growing concerns about the rare yet serious side effects of these and other ADHD medications (Kubiszyn, 2006). It has generally been agreed in past studies that only two treatments have been validated as effective short-term treatment for school-aged childrenRead MoreTreatment Of Symptoms Associated With Adhd983 Words   |  4 Pagesinterventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with ADHD are behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapeutic medication regimens. While both methods have been shown to produce positive outcomes  ²individually, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a combination of both methods when treating symptoms. Pelham, Burrows-MacLean, Gnagy, Fabiano, Coles, Tresco, Chacko, Wymbs, Wienke, Walker, Hoffman (2005) examined the effect of transdermal methylphenidate treatment combined with behavioralRead MoreADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesspending on ADHD drugs for kids under the age of five. A lot of children have been diagnosed with ADHD, and many of their parents have opted to give them behavioral drugs. Some parents give the drug s because they are not aware of the long term effects or the psychological dependency, and lastly because they are not aware of the alternatives. As parents we have to be more cognizant of what these disorders are and how they affect the child. Drugs are not always the only solution. ADHD, or AttentionRead MoreCognitive And Behavioral Treatments Of Adhd Essay2165 Words   |  9 PagesCognitive and Behavioral Treatments of ADHD Thoughts that One May Have Prior to the Education on ADHD Upon choosing this topic for research, I thought about the experience that I have in this department. I have none. I do not possess a single shred of experience with ADHD, but I have had the privilege of knowing a few people with this attention disorder. The thought that came to mind when I heard this acronym for the first time was, â€Å"What in the world does this mean?† Therefore, this is where IRead MoreAdhd Treatment : A Literature Review Essay1846 Words   |  8 Pages ADHD Treatment: A Literature review Jaelynne Loft Azusa Pacific University ADHD Treatment: A Literature Review Attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD) affects children. Children who have been diagnosed with ADHD generally struggle with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. They often have difficulty focusing and paying attention to details. Unfortunately, some children experience problems in social settings. Their behavior is hyperactive (e.g., fidgetsRead MoreADHD: Diagnosis, Treatment, Etiology, and Treatment Outlook Essay1966 Words   |  8 PagesADHD: Diagnosis, Treatment, Etiology, and Treatment Outlook Attention Deficit with hyper activity Disorder commonly known as ADHD is classified as a disruptive behavior disorder usually diagnosed in childhood. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavior disorder of childhood. It appears to be more common in boys than it is girls. This Disorder is more common in boys than in girls and approximately five in one hundred children are affected (Busing). There are three subtypes: PredominantlyRead MoreRitalin: Not the Best Treatment for ADHD or ADD1009 Words   |  5 PagesRitalin and other drugs used to treat children with ADHD and ADD have been given a lot of negative and some positive press over the years, but what is alarming is the statistics which I discovered from Suellen May, the editor of Understanding Drugs: Ritalin and Related Drugs: â€Å"In 1996, an estimated 1.5 million American schoolchildren (approximately 3-5% of all U.S. schoolchildren) were taking Ritalin daily† (9). The number clearly doubled over the years, which indi cates that the use of Ritalin is

Advice Regarding Refusal of Visa

Question: Discuss about the Advice Regarding Refusal of Visa Under Section 501(1) of the Migration Act 1958: Answer: It is necessary that every person must satisfy the character requirement stated in Section 501 of the act, who wants to make enter or stay in Australia, and it also includes peoples who are not the citizens of Australia, sponsors related to visa applicants, and family members who are non-migrating and wants to enter or stay in Australia. It is really a privilege for every citizen to stay in Australia, and it is expected that these people who applied for visa are law abiding, and it is also necessary that visa holders also satisfied the character test stated in Act. No matter person applied for which visa, it is necessary that any criminal convictions must be disclosed by person if he have inside or outside Australia. As per requirement of character test applicant must submit the police certificates as part of assessment. In case person does not inform about such things then there are chances of refusal or cancellation of visa. Department of immigration and minister have a power of refusal and cancellation of visa on the ground of character test, and minister also have power to grant the visa in case person does not pass character test. Decision is completely based on discretion of minister and department, and it is made after considering all the circumstances of the case[1]. Section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 states that minister has power to refuse the visa application of the person if such person satisfies the minister that he is not able to pass the character test. It must be noted that character test is stated in Subsection 6 of the section 501 of the Migration Act. Power is imposed under minister related to refusal of the visa application of person or cancellation of the visa granted to the person if minister reasonably suspect that character test does not satisfied by the person or as per minister refusal or cancellation is in the national interest[2]. It must be noted that if person serving the full time custodial sentence or he or she have ever been sentenced to 12 months or more imprisonment, regardless of actual time served or person have been convicted of, had any charge proven for or he has been found guilty for any sexual based crime which involves child then in such cases visa must be cancelled. Department provide 28 days for the purpose of requesting the revocation of decision of cancellation of visa. In case of request received for revocation in mandatory cancellation visa, department consider all the circumstances. Section 501(6) of the Migration Act stated the character test for the purpose of visa application approval. As per this section a person will not pass character test if such person[3]: Have a substantial criminal record or he have been convicted for escaping from immigration detention or such person is convicted for any offence which he or she have been committed during the immigration detention, during the escape of immigration detention, after the escape of immigration detention but before he have been again taken into immigration detention. Person is the member of any group or organization, and he has been associated with any such group or person that minister suspected involves in criminal conduct. Person does not satisfied character test if minister suspect on reasonable grounds that person is involved in smuggling, human trafficking, genocide, a war crime, any crime which is against the humanity, any crime related to torture or slavery, and any crime which is subject to international concern at serious level, whether or not such person has been convicted for such crime. If any past or present conduct of person shows that person is not of good character, and if there is any risk which state that if such person is in Australia then he will engage in criminal conduct or harass, molest, intimidate and stalk any other person or vilify any segment of Australian community or incite or discord the Australian community or cause danger to Australian community. Person have been convicted or found guilty for any crime which involve sexual offences related to a child. Adverse security assessment is conducted against the person by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, or Interpol issued any notice to the person, which state that person is directly or indirectly cause danger to Australian community or any part of Australian community[4]. For the purpose of this section substantial criminal record of the person is clearly depends on the sentence time period imposed by Court of Law, and not that time which person spend in prison. For the sake of character test a person is considered to have substantial criminal record if Court of law issue sentenced to death or life imprisonment, person is sentenced to time period of 12 months or more, person sentenced to imprisonment for two or more terms, even those terms are served on concurrent basis and when total of such terms are 12 months or more, and if Court found that person is not fit for plead related to offence and as a result have been obtained in facility or institution[5]. In the present case, Emily received notice from immigration department which state the intention to refusal of the application made by Emily under Section 501(1) of the Migration Act. As per the requirement of the Act and part of the application, Emily submit the Malaysian police clearance and such clearance shows that Emily is convicted for the offence of shoplifting a handbag in Kuala Lumpur almost 9 years ago, and that bag was cost for Malaysian Ringgit 3,000 (AUD1,000 approx), and because of this offence she received a custodial sentence of 13 months. Therefore, Emily fails the character test because she has substantial criminal record, and minister has power to refuse the visa application of Emily. Consequences of Visa application: in case visa of person is cancelled by minister and department then person will become the unlawful citizen of Australia and be held in immigration detention. If visa application of person is refused or cancelled under section 501 of the act then such person is subject to permanent ban from applying for another visa while his stay in Australia and department also cancel any other visa they hold, and permanently exclude the person from Australia. Some additional consequences are also which are related to visa cancellation such as in case of cancellation of visa of long term permanent residents may be transferred to the country where they have hardly ever lived or never lived, and in country where they have never speak the language or have few or no family connections. Such residents also face separation from their families, friends in Australia. While taking their decision for cancel the visa, DIAC does not consider the time period of stay of person lived in Australia as primary consideration, but some other consideration are taken into account such as age of holder of visa or impact of visa cancellation on family members of the person, and department also consider the age of person he arrived in Australia, but department does not consider time period for which person stayed in Australia at all. As per the commonwealth ombudsman use of section 501 for the purpose of cancelling the visa of long term permanent residents go beyond the original intention of section 501. Therefore, use of section 501 for the purpose of cancel the long term permanent residence visa was not sated in any explanatory memorandum or provision of the Act[6]. Whether it is possible to review the decision made under section 501: Decision for cancelling the visa can be reviewed but it is completely depend on who made the decision such as whether decision made by the minister itself or by the DIAC as the delegate of minister. If decision is made by the DIAC then Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has power to review the decision but if decision is made by the minister personally then AAT does not have power to review the decision. There is one exception which state then Federal Court and High Court has power to review the decision made by minister personally related to cancellation of visa under section 501. However, private clause applied on decision made by minister, and as per this clause Court can only review the decision made by minister if decision of minister includes error of law. In other words, Court has no power to review the decision of minister on the basis of any errors in the facts of the case[7]. As stated above, as per section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 power is imposed to minister related to some particular circumstances for the purpose of making an initial decision to refuse the application or cancel the visa, or to set aside the decision made by DIAC officer or the AAT for not exercising the power of refusal or cancellation of visa of person and overule the decision with his own decision by refusing or canceling the visa of the person, and minister also set aside the decision made by DIAC officer to refuse or cancel the visa and substitute that decision with his or her own cancellation or refusal. It must be noted that while making these decisions minister is not bound by direction 55 and person cannot apply to AAT for merits review of any decision made by minister. In other words, person can only challenge the legality of decision made by the minister as explained above. There are some situations in which act state that rule of natural justice does not applied to the decision made by the minister for the purpose of limiting the potential for review. After considering the serious interference in the personal right of the consumer because of the refusal or cancellation of visa on the basis of character grounds, it was stated that power imposed in minister for cancelling or refusing the visa on character grounds are very broad in nature, and therefore it is necessary to subject the decision made by minister to limited review[8]. There is one more option available to person that is Discretionary powers and Ministerial Direction 65, and in this in case person is not able to pass the character test then minister or delegate of minister has power to decide whether or not refuse or cancel the visa of the person. While making the decision authorities consider number of factors which also includes the protection of Australian community, and authority also consider the impact of refusal or cancellation decision on minor children stayed in Australia, and also impact on business interest, and also impact on Australian community if visa is cancelled. This discretion is stated by Ministerial Direction 65 made under section 499 of the Act[9][10]. In the present case, decision made in case of Emily can be reviewed under direction 65 after Considering the health of Child and business conducted by Emily in Australia. References: AHRC, Background paper: Human rights issues raised by visa refusal or cancellation under section 501 of the Migration Act, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/background-paper-human-rights-issues-raised-visa-refusal-or-cancellation-under-sectio-1, Accessed on 10th April 2017. DIBP, Direction 65, https://www.border.gov.au/visas/Documents/ministerial-direction-65.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. DIBP, Fact Sheet - The Character Requirement, https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/79character, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, note 58, paras 104-107. Legal service commission of Australia, Visa cancellations under section 501 (character grounds), https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch24s01s07s01.php, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Migration Act 1958- Sect 499. Migration Act 1958- Sect 501(6). Migration Act 1958- Sect 501. Refworld, Background Paper: Immigration detention and visa cancellation under section 501 of the Migration Act, (2009) https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4a2e35462.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. The Australian institute, The Dangers of Character Tests, https://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/DP101_7.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. DIBP, Fact Sheet - The Character Requirement, https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/79character, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Migration Act 1958- Sect 501. Migration Act 1958- Sect 501(6). Legal service commission of Australia, Visa cancellations under section 501 (character grounds), https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch24s01s07s01.php, Accessed on 10th April 2017. The Australian institute, The Dangers of Character Tests, https://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/DP101_7.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. AHRC, Background paper: Human rights issues raised by visa refusal or cancellation under section 501 of the Migration Act, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/background-paper-human-rights-issues-raised-visa-refusal-or-cancellation-under-sectio-1, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Refworld, Background Paper: Immigration detention and visa cancellation under section 501 of the Migration Act, (2009) https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4a2e35462.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, note 58, paras 104-107. DIBP, Direction 65, https://www.border.gov.au/visas/Documents/ministerial-direction-65.pdf, Accessed on 10th April 2017. Migration Act 1958- Sect 499.

The Meat of the Matter The Meat Inspection Act of Essay Example For Students

The Meat of the Matter: The Meat Inspection Act of Essay 1906The Meat of the Matter: A Look at the Meat Inspection Act of 1906The year 1906 brought about a new era in governmental legislation that helped to shape the way privately owned producers of consumable goods would conduct themselves in the future. President Theodore Roosevelt, a man known for his tenaciousness when tackling the issues of the people, pursued these legislative changes, refusing to back down to the lobbyists who stood in his way. One such industry brought to its knees was the meat packing industry, a thriving group of companies that supplied not only the United States but also the markets in Europe with processed foods. We will write a custom essay on The Meat of the Matter: The Meat Inspection Act of specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1906, socialist Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, a book he hoped would awaken the American people to the deplorable conditions of workers in the meat packing industry. Instead, the book sent the country reeling with its description of filthy, rat infested plants, suspect meats processed and sold to consumers, and corrupt government inspectors. President Roosevelt became seriously concerned by the charges brought forth by Mr. Sinclair and determined the only way to protect consumers from unscrupulous business and unsafe food was to enforce regulation. Although an investigation of the Bureau of Animal Industry, which provided the inspectors of the packaging plants, was ongoing, Roosevelt felt the need to have unbiased investigators look into the matter. Roosevelt and Agriculture Secretary James Wilson asked Commissioner of Labor Charles P. Neill and New York attorney James Reynolds to undertake an independent investigation. What they found and reported on became known as the Neill-Reynolds Report and was delivered to Congress on June 4, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. Neill and Reynolds corroborated the charges brought forth in The Jungle, stating in one section of their report, we saw meat shoveled from filthy wooden floors, piled on tables rarely washed, pushed from room to room in rotten box carts, in all of which processes it was in the way of gathering dirt, splinters, floor filth. When President Roosevelt delivered a statement to Congress on the findings in the report, he said, It shows the urgent need of immediate action by the Congress in the direction of providing a drastic and thoroughgoing inspection by the Federal Government of all stock yards and packing houses and of their products, so far as the latter enters into interstate or foreign commerce. The meat packing industry fought back with a vengeance, especially those business owners who felt the report was incomplete. The Franco-American Food Company, based in New Jersey, sent a letter to The New York Times addressed to President Roosevelt and the American Nation. In it, they claime d the Neill-Reynolds report was unfair and that the investigators had only reported on those poorly run operations in Chicago and ignored those that were clean and well run. Their outcries found some Congressmen willing to listen, but it made little difference to a president determined to protect the consumers. On June 30, 1906, after much haggling between the House of Representatives and the Senate, between lobbyists for the meat packing industry and congressmen who supported radical governmental regulation, President Roosevelt signed the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 into law. Though incomplete in some ways, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 laid the groundwork for future regulations and governmental guidelines of American industry. Works CitedDavidson, James West, and Mark Hamilton Lyle. After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. New York: McGraw Hill, 2005. Neil-Reynolds Report. 59th Congress. 1st Session, House of Representatives. Document No. 873. June 6, 1904. Primary Source Investigator on CD-ROM, 2005

Managing Pilot Fatigue

Managing Pilot Fatigue Introduction Most of the aviation accidents have been greatly attributed to pilot fatigue (Mohler, 1998, p. 1). This is because a pilot’s input into the aircraft is majorly dependent on his consciousness on the job. Therefore, in case one is fatigued, then this provides room for error in inputs (Smith, 2008, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Pilot Fatigue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though the technological advancements in flight systems of the current aircrafts have preventive mechanisms, without sleep and freshness, small effects of fatigue can greatly jeopardize flight safety. This is so because the duties performed by the pilot in the cockpit require a lot of vigilance, care as well as mental and physical well being. Effects of Fatigue on Pilot Performance There is a strong correlation between pilot fatigue and vulnerability to the pilot error. One of the effects that are rampant am ong fatigued pilots is cognitive fixation. This is the narrowing of attention that causes decreased concentration which numbs the pilot’s ability to multitask which is necessary skill in the aviation field. This inability to perform the necessary tasks at the same time neglects other important aircraft functionalities and may lead to malfunctioning of the aircraft which may cause a crash. Therefore, fatigue can highly lead to loss of the pilot’s situational analysis. (Jackson and Earl, 2006, p. 1) Fatigue also reduces the vigilance and alertness that is required by the pilot thus degrading situational analysis awareness. This causes reduced communications between the crew and the support team and this lack of coordination may have very negative effects on the airline’s crew resource management and may lead to loss of jobs as well as reduction in cadre levels of pilots (Printup, 2000, p. 1).Fatigue also leads to inconsistent performance by pilots which may put th eir careers in jeopardy as well. Fatigue among pilots can also be attributed to their inability to recall information which may be crucial in certain circumstances. This memory deficiency may lead a pilot to forget some of the important Air Traffic Control procedures and information thus putting the lives of many at risk (Mohler, 1998, p. 1). This causes cognitive slowing which results to the pilot’s inability to collect information, analyze it as well as integrate it efficiently. This also leads to impaired logical reasoning, impaired judgment as well as inability to make concrete decisions (Jackson and Earl, 2006, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fatigue also leads to degradation in flying because the pilot’s perceptual abilities are impaired. It also causes reduced visual perception, loss of initiative and effort, vulnerability to plan continuation erro r in cases of impaired ability in recognizing a deteriorating situation in the aircraft and may often lead to depression (Printup, 2000, p. 1). Managing Pilot Fatigue In combating pilot fatigue, it is important to understand that pilots have irrevocable schedules and need more comprehensive fatigue management strategies that are in harmony with their schedules. It is also very important to note that most of the pilot fatigues are greatly attributable to the flight and duty time limitations that are mostly imposed by the airline regulators (Mohler, 1998, p. 1). According to Smith (2008), when the pilots are off-duty, they should consider obtaining at least eight consolidated and uninterrupted hours of sleep on a daily basis, maintain health as well as good balanced diet, exercise regularly, practice stress reduction techniques such as yoga and refrain from work that require heavy physical or mental input. When pilots are on-duty, they should make sure they alternate periods of activi ty and relaxation during flight. They should also consume moderate levels or amounts of caffeine if desired and food as well as water as regularly as they can so as to provide the body with the required energy levels which prevents the onset of fatigue that is usually caused by low blood sugar levels as well as dehydration (Mohler, 1998, p. 1). They should also engage in preplanned naps in the multi pilot cockpit environments so as to refresh their brains but this should be in conformity with the airline rules and policies. Conclusion If a pilot is not in a position to avoid duty when is fatigued, Jackson and Earl (2006) suggests that one should eat high protein foods coupled with a lot of water for it temporarily holds fatigue at bay, caffeinated beverages though moderate levels help in enhancing alertness and most of all making conversations with other crew members, making rounds and stretching is therapeutic enough to edge-off fatigue. But in a situation where a pilot may not fee l confident in his ability to fly due to fatigue, regardless of the schedules, one should not fly. This is to avoid putting the lives of many people at jeopardy including the legacy or image of the company on the spot in the event of an accident (FAA, 2009, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Pilot Fatigue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2009). Fatigue in Aviation. Pilot Safety. Retrieved from faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/media/Fatigue_Aviation.pdf Jackson, A. and Earl, L. (2006). Prevalence of fatigue among commercial pilots. Oxford Journals. Retrieved from http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/4/263.full Mohler, S. (1998). Pilot Fatigue Manageable, but Remains Insidious threat. Human Factors Aviation Medicine: Vol. 45: 1. Retrieved from smartcockpit.com/data/pdfs/flightops/humanfactors/Pilot_Fatigue.pdf Printup, M. (2000). The Effects of Fatigue on Performance and Safety. AirlineSafety.Com. Retrieved from airlinesafety.com/editorials/PilotFatigue.htm Smith, B. L. (2008). Pilot Fatigue Detection Using Aircraft State Variables. West Virginia University: College of Engineering and Mineral Resources. Retrieved from http://wvuscholar.wvu.edu:8881//exlibris/dtl/d3_1/apache_media/L2V4bGlicmlzL2R0bC9kM18xL2FwYWNoZV9tZWRpYS8xMzk3MA==.pdf

Ancestry of Barack Obama Family Tree and Genealogy

Ancestry of Barack Obama Family Tree and Genealogy Barack Hussein Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii to a Kenyan father and an American mother. According to the U.S. Senate Historical Office, he was the fifth African American Senator in U.S. history and the first African American President. First Generation: 1. Barack Hussein OBAMA was born on 4 August 1961 at the Kapiolani Maternity Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Barack Hussein OBAMA, Sr. of Nyangoma-Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya, and Stanley Ann DUNHAM of Wichita, Kansas. His parents met while both were attending the East-West Center of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was enrolled as a foreign student. When Barack Obama was two years old, his parents divorced and his father moved to Massachusetts to continue his education before returning to Kenya. In 1964, Barack Obamas mother married Lolo Soetoro, a tennis-playing graduate student, and later an oil manager, from the Indonesian island of Java. Soetoros student visa was revoked in 1966 because of political unrest in Indonesia, breaking up the new family. After graduating with a degree in anthropology the following year, Ann and her young son, Barack, joined her husband in Jakarta, Indonesia. Obamas half-sister, Maya Soetoro was born after the family moved to Indonesia. Four years later, Ann sent Barack back to the United States to live with his maternal grandmother. Barack Obama graduated from Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he met his future wife, Michelle Robinson. They have two daughters, Malia and Sasha. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Barack Hussein OBAMA Sr. was born in 1936 in Nyangoma-Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya and died in a car crash in Nairobi, Kenya in 1982, leaving three wives, six sons​,  and a daughter. All but one of his children live in Britain or the United States. One of the brothers died in 1984. He is buried in the village of Nyangoma-Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya. 3. Stanley Ann DUNHAM was born on 27 November 1942 in Wichita, Kansas and died 7 November 1995 of ovarian cancer. Barack Hussein OBAMA Sr. and Stanley Ann DUNHAM were married in 1960 in Hawaii and had the following children: 1 i. Barack Hussein OBAMA, Jr. Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. Hussein Onyango OBAMA was born about 1895 and died in 1979. Before settling down to work as a cook for missionaries in Nairobi he was a traveler. Recruited to fight for colonial power England in World War I, he visited Europe and India, and afterward lived for a time in Zanzibar, where he converted from Christianity to Islam, family members said. 5. Akumu Hussein Onyango OBAMA had several wives. His first wife was Helima, with whom he had no children. Second, he married Akuma and they had the following children: i. Sarah OBAMA1. ii. Barack Hussein OBAMA, Sr.iii. Auma OBAMA Onyangos third wife was Sarah, the one often referred to by Barack as his grandmother. She was the primary caregiver for Barack OBAMA Sr. after his mother, Akuma, left the family when her children were still young. 6. Stanley Armour DUNHAM was born on 23 March 1918 in Kansas and died 8 February 1992 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is buried in Punchbowl National Cemetery, Honolulu, Hawaii. 7. Madelyn Lee PAYNE was born in 1922 in Wichita, Kansas and died 3 November 2008 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Stanley Armour DUNHAM and Madelyn Lee PAYNE were married on 5 May 1940, and had the following children: 3. i. Stanley Ann DUNHAM

The organisation in it's Environment Case Study

The organisation in it's Environment - Case Study Example There is an Executive Team which includes the Chairman and Chief Software Architect, the CEO, the General Counsel and Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer, senior and group vice presidents from the business units, the CEO of the Europe, the Middle East and Africa regions; the heads of Worldwide Sales, Marketing and Services; Human Resources; and Corporate Marketing. 1) Microsoft is one of the leading brands and one of the top companies featured in Fortune 500 list of companies. The operating system Windows, provided by Microsoft, is one of the most favorite operating systems of most of the people across the world. Apart from this, the office suit supplied by Microsoft which includes MS Word, MS excel etc. can be found on almost all the computers across the globe. Not only does it provide software for home and office computers, laptops and mobile devices but it also is one of the leaders in the Market of servers, gaming products and hardware devices. 2) Creating a Brand Name is one of the toughest jobs for a company. Microsoft has been very successful in creating a Brand Name for itself and is therefore increasing the names in the list of its customers every single hour. 1) The on-line support provided by Microsoft is not... Even the support available on phone is not available 24*7. It should be not that after delivery support for the softwares is an important criteria for the customers making any purchase and the lack of best quality support can definitely has a negative influence in the mind of the customer. 2) It is generally seen that the software products offered by Microsoft have compatibility problems when installed on operating systems other than Windows. Moreover, even Windows does not support many softwares provided by other Vendors. This comes as a hindrance to a consumer intending to buy products from different vendors. 3) Microsoft does not disclose the source code for its product which causes a lot of pain to the end user if he/she desires to do some minor modifications to the product obtained by him in case of any bugs found or some extra features needed to him. 4) Microsoft having its presence across the globe has to be very cautious of its legalities, patents, trademarks, codes, products etc and has to keep a close watch on any development in the legal policies for any country throughout the world. Opportunities: 1) Microsoft has started to capture opportunities in attracting the tech savvy youths in developing countries by introducing softwares in their native language rather than English. Microsoft has also given discretionary authority to the respective government to ensure tight vigilance on malpractices such as eavesdropping and phishing emails. 2) Microsoft has made a smart move by venturing into entertainment segment which is the need of the 21st century youngsters by production of game consoles such as XBOX. Threats: 1) As Microsoft has a wide market share in developing and developed nations,

Conflict in Sri lanka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Conflict in Sri lanka - Essay Example Recent absence of a full scale war and ceasefire had been of great value in this direction resulting in Government's concentrating on welfare measures and popular policies, much needed by the island country. It has also achieved the greatest goal of safeguarding quite a few innocent and misled lives. Unfortunately the violence has increased since then threatening to spread and spill over. When all other countries are marching towards better reforms, Sri Lanka had been languishing in civil war without any end or peace in sight and this aspect has literally put a stop to its further growth as a welfare state. The tropical island considered to be a paradise once is like a death trap today.. There were no doubt other players earlier in the Tamil insurgency and most of them were only demanding a better deal for the Tamilians, for which they were definitely entitled to. Today, Jafna area has only tamilians, while Srilankans avoid the region for fear of LTTE. The entire region is cordoned o ff by LTTE and is literally ruled by them. LTTE is facing the international accusation of recruiting children to its ranks, which is true. It is either feared or loved by local Tamilians and they help LTTE, willingly or under duress, by giving them information, saving them, running errands, keeping them informed of the army movements and thus, protecting them from every disaster. It is not easy to point out an exact date for the commencement of genesis of Tamil militancy. Tamil militancy in Srilanka has taken many forms and hues. Apart from a small minority of local Tamilians, a large number of Tamils migrated from the Southern Indian State of Tamilnadu (erstwhile Madras State) during British rule to work in the tea plantations of Ceylon (now Srilanka) and over the years, there set in a feeling that they had been conveniently and systematically ignored by the Government and rest of Srilankan population, politically and socially. Srilankan population had been predominantly Buddhists, a peace loving, friendly and cooperative lot, not very prone to frequent conflicts. With the tamilian youth being frustrated and disheartened, it was left to a charismatic leader to establish his sway over them and mould them not only into a fanatic fighting group, but also to establish personal supremacy and power and this is exactly what Vellupalli Prabhakaran did. There were cr ies and demands for a separate Eelam and Srilankan Government had put down such demands in a rather clumsy way earlier. When a terrorist movement was launched in 1970s, Srilankan Government was short-sighted enough to inflict loss of life, property, and atrocity on not only fighting Tamilians, but also on the innocent people, who had no aspirations of political supremacy. Tamilians were a minority, asking for their rights from the majority population of the country. Government was a bit undecided on the issue, as till then, Tamilians were seen more as a lower working class, than equal partners. Understandably, their demand for a sovereign region was put down. Tamilians made the mistake of asking for their legitimate demands mixed with a free Eelam. They would have been definitely successful, if they had asked only for the right to be considered and treated in par with the rest of the population. Government, disturbed by the Eelam demand, hesitated to give in, thinking if small deman ds were granted, bigger ones, especially the Eelam demand would follow and this

Accounting Scandal Essay -- essays research papers

I should be guilty of dissembling if I were not to refer to the economic difficulties which have affected Japan recently along with several other countries. I assume that these difficulties have come as a shock to people in Japan because of their contrast with the prolonged period of economic success which preceded them. But they show, as history has shown so often, that the enjoyment of steady uninterrupted growth, over the very long term, is beyond the capacity of nations. Every country, no matter how successful, seems bound to experience setbacks. The history of the changing wealth of nations is the subject for a different speech by a different speaker. But accounting has a part to play, an important part, because of its role in making markets work effectively. And this is very much the subject for this speech and this speaker. The Value of Accounting Standards Today, the central focus of accounting is surely the measurement of business performance. Over the last 200 years or so, the broad trend of economic development has been towards specialisation, large scale production, enabled by increasing domestic and international trade. Large scale production has depended on the growth of capital markets. Hence, although other purposes remain important, the modern focus of accounting has come to be to serve the capital markets, to make those markets work efficiently. This process is not finished in any country of the world, much less internationally. I want to emphasise the importance of this purpose of accounting. People who provide capital do so for a return and they wish to have reports of performance to help them decide how much to invest in particular businesses and on what terms. They wish performance to be reported in a manner which helps them to assess future prospects. Investors generally dislike risk. The higher they perceive the risk to be, the higher the return they seek for providing capital to a particular business. Perceived risk comes partly from economic fundamentals: from technologies, from demand factors and from competition. But it also comes from accounting. If accounting information is failing to meet the needs of investors, perhaps because it is perceived by them to be unreliable, the investors will feel more uncertainty in judging economic prospects than is warranted by the economic fundamentals. Investors will require to be compens... ...urrently experiencing a time of economic stress. I wonder whether people in Japan will think that this is the ideal time to accept international standards for cross border listings in Japan, whether they will think that acceptance of international standards would provide the clearest possible signal of Japan's determination to be in the mainstream of international accounting developments. I wonder whether people in Japan might think that this is the ideal time to undertake a review of all Japanese accounting rules to incorporate the best of international accounting so that, like Australia, Japan could say that compliance with national standards would produce compliance with international standards without the two sets of standards necessarily being identical. People might think that this would remove inhibitions for international investors in investing in Japanese companies and would enable Japanese companies to obtain their capital on the most favourable possible international t erms. People might think that everything possible would then have been done to ensure that accounting was playing its part in the economic recovery which your overseas visitors so warmly wish you to enjoy.

Brand’s Market Analysis Essay

However, other brands are engaging in more aggressive advertising and increasing brand awareness, bridging the gap of perceived difference between BRAND’S and their products, and offering buyers more choices, hence buyers have medium power. Supplier bargaining power BRAND’S ingredients are mainly chicken essence and a small proportion of caramel. Although these ingredients are relatively easy to procure, there is high regulation from authorities restricting the number of suppliers, because of the recent 2004 avian flu which prompted authorities to step in to tighten regulations on the quality of avian products2. Due to loyalty to ingredient supplier since 2004, and the fact that few suppliers are qualified and approved by authorities, BRAND’S is assured of the quality of its ingredients, but suppliers enjoy high bargaining power because of its quality assurance. Threat of new entrants There are high fixed costs due to production method and machinery, and seasonal demands during critical periods such as examinations, as well as market saturation and high existing brand equity with other industry competitors. This creates a high barrier of entry due to high start-up capital and high economies of scale. BRAND’S recent entry to the health supplement market, has heightened the threat of new entrants (e. g. InnerShine series3), as these products do not enjoy similar consumer loyalty and new entrants can imitate them. Despite extensive brand building, threat of entrants is overall medium. Threat of substitutes Substitutes of BRAND’S include mainstream health supplements, which may appeal to consumers who do not like the bitter taste of BRAND’S traditional products. In response, BRAND’S has diversified their product line to include tablets. Moreover, BRAND’S has always been active in research and recently discovered the link between consumer benefits to an active compound4 in its products. This is in contrast to its substitutes, especially western health supplements, who have prided themselves on a long history of research and the ability to back its products with scientific foundations. Despite this, threat of substitutes is medium as BRAND’S health supplements are relatively new. Industry competition In actuality, BRAND’S products have little difference with its competitors and there are fairly similar marketing target segments because BRAND’S competitors are able imitate its marketing strategy5. Growth in demand of such products as a result of increasing competitive environments has allowed competitors to capitalize on the high demand from a spectrum of consumers. As a result, BRAND’S direct competitors price their products lower than BRAND’S and appeal to price-sensitive consumers, thus leading to a relatively strong rivalry. BRAND’s recent foray into the mainstream health supplements market also exposed itself to great competition because of existing industry players, giving it an uphill task to gain market share. As a result, industry competition is relatively intense. In conclusion, strong brand equity empowers BRAND’S and reduces threats from buyers and new entrants. Overall competitive environment was medium high due to pressures from substitutes, suppliers and competitors which led CPL to adopt the strategies below. 2. Competitive Strategies adopted in 2009 and 2010 CPL primarily uses focus differentiation strategy, coupled with some elements of cost leadership strategy, during the period 2009 to 2010, which enabled it to survive the challenging environment and gear itself towards sustainable growth in the long run. Fierce industry competition during the period has led to CPL being active in its brand building strategy through various channels. Some of these include engaging brand amba ssadors, outreach on television media and organizing study camps. This brand management strategy has resulted in perceived uniqueness of their product, even though there are competitors with similar physical products. In a bid to convince consumers of its uniqueness, it has invested in research facilities to provide scientific backing to its products. The successful patent of its discovery will lend further credence to its advertising and products which will make it harder for its rivals to imitate its marketing strategy. Focus strategy is evident through marketing strategies targeted at students. Collaboration with schools and the organization of student events (e. . Sudoku competitions, summer camps) have enabled CPL to improve its outreach to students. This is in response to the increasingly competitive education systems in Singapore and China, where students will be inclined to take supplements that are deemed beneficial to the well-being of the mind. The global recession of 2009 and declining sales forced CPL to rethink a low cost strategy, in response to more price-sensitivity among consumers, and rising price of ingredients. This is illustrated in its continual capacity expansion, allowing it to enjoy future economies of scale. The increase in volume of production will allow it to spread its fixed costs over a larger quantity, reducing its average unit cost of production. Furthermore, investments in specialized technology6 for the manufacturing process will likely result in higher efficiency and lower average cost in the long run. Price negotiations to mitigate upward pressure7 in ingredient prices also help to keep unit costs low. In the event of future recessions, CPL will be able to respond and translate lower prices to consumers through promotions and offers. To conclude, even though BRANDS is not a price leader in the industry, its long term low cost strategy in bringing down its production cost, along with increased investments in brand building to promote product uniqueness, will allow it to reap increased profits in good times. Where times are bad, CPL can afford to lower selling prices and still make healthy profits. 2. 3 Top Three Business Risks and Counter-measures Risk 1: Declining market shares and strong competition Strong competition from existing competitors present a threat to BRAND’S standing in the market. BRAND’S has lost market shares in beauty oral aid products8 and Innershine products in countries such as Malaysia while competition in other countries remains intense. In response to the competition, CPL engaged in active advertising to improve brand image and increase outreach. Campaigns directed to improve sales of specific products are also held resulting in significant effect in capturing customer’s attention to BRAND’S products. Innovative ways to increase sales such as ‘cubic shop’ retailing, blogs and increasing of sales channels to cosmetic shops9 has helped to gain a competitive advantage and modernize their image. CPL has also carried out extensive research for BRAND’S to scientifically assure the benefits and safety consumption of their product which no other company had done so for this category of products hence winning over customer’s approval and loyalty. Risk 2: Decreasing sales due to the global economic recession The global economic recession has made a declining effect on the sales number for BRAND’S product. However CPL had manage to minimize the effects of the recession by investing heavily on research ;amp; development and capacity building allowing them to stay resilient in the face of the recession. Up to date technology to transform operations to be fully automated has allowed CPL to decrease cost of production and increase product output hence maximizing profits during the recession. The investment in increasing capacity includes construction of factories costing a total of 2. 45 billion baht10 and opening of Indonesia offices. This move coupled with aggressive marketing sales strategy aims to increase their presence in the market and improve sales in the short run while the construction of the factory aims to allow CPL to increase their competitiveness and secure a larger market share in the long run. Risk 3: Decrease consumer confidence in BRANDS products News reports of a recall of essence of chicken products in the United States spark1ed some controversy amongst consumers11. In addition, just as the business in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was beginning their operations, food safety concerns caused by the melamine food scare12 significantly affected consumer sentiment. Above this, news of the import ban on BRANDS’ products spread worldwide, affecting the business segment. Fortunately, BRANDS subsequently stepped out to explain that the cause of the import ban was a result of compliance issues13. CPL also affirmed its commitment to quality assurance through various press releases to ease consumer sentiments14. 2. 4 Overview of Value Chain Activities We have identified the value chain activities that enable CPL to stay ahead of competitors, in particular, support activities such as research and development and human resource management provide BRANDS the extra edge in the industry and primary activities such as operations, advertising, brand building and service distinguish BRANDS from their rivals. CPL has affirmed its commitment to Research and Development by launching the BRANDS Health Science Centre and they have discovered the active compound in their health product which is believed to enhance mental performance. Work is still done to further understand how to maximize the uses of the compound for consumer benefits15. As a result, BRANDS product credibility in the industry will be improved with the backing of this scientific discovery. This discovery of this compound ‘Probeptigen’ will help to distinguish BRANDS from its rivals and increase customer loyalty. Finding ways of harnessing the active compound in different ways should be the next step that CPL works towards to, and will aid its differentiation strategy if new and innovative products can be released with its findings. Human resource management is identified as key to the organization16. This is important to the development of the next generation of leadership and talent retention and particularly relevant as a strong management team will be vital to steer the waves of future recessions. A highly efficient management team will create value for shareholders and maintain the pristine image of BRANDS products to consumers. Efforts are made to engage employees, develop leadership skills and align the right behaviors and values across the organization17. Further improvements can be made by providing quality training to service staffs with higher emphasis on after sales services. For operations, CPL has been actively expanding its manufacturing facilities, allowing them to better match its production capabilities with the growing demands. Increased output volume helps in its long-term low cost strategy by reducing average unit production costs. Enhanced manufacturing capabilities enable BRANDS to diversify and offer new products with special features. This allows CPL to serve various consumer needs and provide more product choices, which aid its differentiation strategy. Improvements to the manufacturing process are made through installation of latest technology to increase efficiency and reduce waste. CPL can improve its existing operations by developing new distribution channels to cope with higher output capabilities. This helps prevent bottlenecks in its supply chain. Advertising and brand building activities help to transform consumer mindsets, as well as contemporize product image. Conventionally viewed as traditional health products for medicinal purposes18, new branding strategies repositions BRAND’S with brain-enhancing functions. With these activities, BRANDS can increase the efficacy of its focus differentiation strategy. Increased industry competition led CPL to enhance the uniqueness of its products from its close competitors. Appealing to students and young adults via brand imaging strengthens its focus strategy. Improvements are made with research and patents to provide scientific foundations to its products. Further improvements can be by capitalizing on these scientific insights to explicitly educate consumers on the specific benefits of each product to achieve full effects of its brand building strategy. Service in the organization adds value to consumers through its customer relationship management (CRM) policies. In a saturated industry, close similarities with rivals can be mitigated with unique after sales services and quality consumer experiences. This helps BRANDS to connect with its consumers on a more personal level, and allow it to leverage on customer insights to better anticipate demands19. This is particularly important for BRANDS’s focus differentiation strategy as it reduces the time BRANDS takes to rectify product errors or push out new products by reconciling its supply side capabilities with the demand side factors such as change in consumer preferences. CRM initiatives are constantly being reviewed and improved in the organization by benchmarking its quality against service industry averages19. In addition, human resource management is important as such after sales services require quality labor inputs, which require constant retraining of employee. . 1 List of Financial Ratios Liquidity ;amp; Efficiency| 2008| 2009| 2010| Current Ratio| 1. 56| 1. 70| 1. 69| Quick Ratio| 1. 21| 1. 23| 1. 27| Cash Ratio| 0. 65| 0. 59| 0. 73| Assets Turnover| 1. 19| 1. 20| 1. 35| Fixed Assets Turnover| 5. 87| 4. 40| 4. 37| Inventory Turnover| 4. 59| 4. 07| 4. 60| Days to Sell| 79. 52| 89. 68| 79. 35| Receivables Turnover| 7. 81| 7. 37| 8. 35| Days to Collect| 46. 73| 49. 53| 43. 70| Profitability| 2008| 2009| 2010| Gross Profit Margin| 50. 24%| 49. 72%| 47. 93%| Net Profit Margin| 11. 35%| 11. 73%| 12. 09%| Return on Assets| 13. 8%| 14. 09%| 16. 29%| Return on Fixed Assets| 66. 63%| 51. 63%| 52. 81%| Return on Equity| 23. 66%| 24. 49%| 28. 06%| Earnings Per Share| 25. 72 cents| 26. 29 cents| 32. 68 cents| Solvency| 2008| 2009| 2010| Debt Ratio| 42. 64%| 42. 35%| 41. 56% | Times Interest Earned (TIE) Ratio| 19. 71| 30. 77| 49. 32| Selected business segments turnovers (in millions)| 2008| 2009| 2010| BRAND’S Liquids| 403. 7| 431. 0| 503. 7| Eu Yan Sang (EYS) Chicken Essence21| 6. 1| 6. 1| 8. 6| Woh Hup Sauces| 159. 3| 138. 3| 171. 0| 3. 2 Comments and Explanations of Financial Ratios Debt ratios fell between 2009 and 2010, despite similar amount of borrowings reported on the balance sheet. Total assets grew as a result of capacity expansion, investment gains and increased cash holdings. In particular TIE ratios fell because borrowing rates were lowered22 in a bid to stimulate the economy. The recovery of the economy posted a hike in turnover and profits, which led to a surge in TIE ratio. As part of the Group’s commitment to maximize shareholder wealth, ROE and EPS values rose. The decreasing debt ratios showed the Group’s emphasis on funding through internal growth and reduced reliance on external financing. This also indicates the Group’s attitude towards shareholder value creation, in which a long term approach is employed, without leveraging on higher debts to fund short-term growth which could run the risk of financial bankruptcy. Gross Profit Margin fell from 2009 to 2010. The Group experienced upward pressures in prices of commodities, such as raw bird’s nest, coffee and sugar during the period23. Despite the higher dollar amount of turnover in 2010, the price pressures impacted costs of sales which outstripped the growth in turnover. This led to lower Gross Profit Margin in 2010. However, Net Profit Margin rose slightly by 0. 36%. Though there were higher expenses incurred from increased investments in branding, research and development, growth in turnover managed to keep pace with this rise. The main reason for the slight increase in Net Profit Margin in 2010 was due to foreign exchange losses24 experienced in 2009, which arose as a result of the Group’s foreign currency purchases and acquisition of foreign businesses such as Toby’s Estate. Against the backdrop of the global recession, this translated to substantial foreign exchange losses, impacting Net Profit Margin in 2009. The Group’s liquidity position was very weak in 2009. Despite the similarity in current ratios between 2009 and 2010, the Group held substantially lesser cash during 2009, evident from its cash ratio. Both the inventory and receivables turnover ratio indicated that a large proportion of current assets were tied up in receivables and illiquid inventories. This was probably a result of lower consumer sentiment due to the effects of the financial crisis. Certain business segments, such as sauces and beverages25, suffered lower turnover. This caused inventory to pile up, and is illustrated in the huge spike in inventories in 2009. To encourage customer purchases, the Group probably extended credit to customers which resulted in higher proportion of credit sales experienced. Dividend pay-outs averaged 25 cents a share26 despite slowing growth. Moreover, investments in manufacturing, research and brand building continued amidst the downturn. As a result, the Group’s cash outflows outpaced inflows, which jeopardized its liquidity position of 2009. In 2010, liquidity position improved, as capacity expansion and brand building in the preceding years allowed it to capitalize on the recovering economy. Its CRM policy also allowed it to leverage on consumer feedback and enabled it to handle the surge in demand timely. Turnover for 2010 spiked as a result, which led to better operating cash inflows. The Group made heavy investments in fixed assets in 2009 and 2010, such as the launch manufacturing plants in Malaysia and Thailand, and building of offices in Indonesia. The fairly similar fixed asset ratios indicated that sales and profits were able to keep pace with these extensive investments, an indication of effective utilization of manufacturing resources. Despite this, there is definitely room for improvement, as higher investments should warrant a multiplier effect on sales in the long run, and lead to better fixed asset ratios in future. Comparisons of the turnover in business segments show that despite stagnation in EYS chicken essence in 2009, strong brand equity in BRAND’S products allowed appreciable growth in BRAND’S liquids. However, this figure is not wholly representative as within the category of BRAND’S liquids, relatively newer liquids such as BRAND’S InnerShine do face stiff competition into its market share. Growth in BRAND’S liquid is mainly attributed to the flagship product of chicken essence, highlighting the strong branding that BRAND’S traditional products enjoy. Moreover, chicken essence is neither the flagship product of EYS, which explains the relatively lower turnover figures. In the sauces industry, the general decrease in turnover in 2009 was probably due to decrease in number of people dining out and the perception that sauces were non-essentials during the 2009 recession27. Despite the turnaround growth in 2010, Woh Hup Sauces still faces stiff competition from close rivals28. In conclusion, we believe that CPL is well positioned to make further inroads into its different business segments with the recovery of the economy. With its competitive strategies, and coupled with a prudent management team, we believe CPL will be able to thrive in the competitive environment and improve its financial position in the future.

An Overview of Economic Stagflation in the 1970s

The term stagflation—an economic condition of both continuing inflation and stagnant business activity (i.e. recession), together with an increasing unemployment rate—described the new economic malaise in the 1970s pretty accurately. Stagflation in the 1970s Inflation seemed to feed on itself. People began to expect continued increases in the price of goods, so they bought more. This increased demand pushed up prices, leading to demands for higher wages, which pushed prices higher still in a continuing upward spiral. Labor contracts increasingly came to include automatic cost-of-living clauses, and the government began to peg some payments, such as those for Social Security, to the Consumer Price Index, the best-known gauge of inflation. While these practices helped workers and retirees cope with inflation, they perpetuated inflation. The governments ever-rising need for funds swelled the budget deficit and led to greater government borrowing, which in turn pushed up interest rates and increased costs for businesses and consumers even further. With energy costs and interest rates high, business investment languished and unemployment rose to uncomfortable levels. President Jimmy Carters Reaction In desperation, President Jimmy Carter (1977 to 1981) tried to combat economic weakness and unemployment by increasing government spending, and he established voluntary wage and price guidelines to control inflation. Both were largely unsuccessful. A perhaps more successful but less dramatic attack on inflation involved the deregulation of numerous industries, including airlines, trucking, and railroads. These industries had been tightly regulated, with the government controlling routes and fares. Support for deregulation continued beyond the Carter administration. In the 1980s, the government relaxed controls on bank interest rates and long-distance telephone service, and in the 1990s it moved to ease regulation of local telephone service. The War Against Inflation The most important element in the war against inflation was the Federal Reserve Board, which clamped down hard on the money supply beginning in 1979. By refusing to supply all the money an inflation-ravaged economy wanted, the Fed caused interest rates to rise. As a result, consumer spending and business borrowing slowed abruptly. The economy soon fell into a deep recession  rather than recovering from all aspects of the stagflation that had been present. Source This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.